Latin — 1533, repaired
Martialia sunt inter elementa, ignis: pari modo adusta et acuta omnia; inter humores, cholera: sapores autem amari, acres, et linguam perurentes, et qui dicuntur lachrymosi: inter metalla, ferrum, aes rubeum, et omnia ignea, rubea et sulphurea: inter lapides, adamas, magnes, lapis sanguinarius, iaspis multigenius, amethystus: inter plantas et arbores, elleborus, allium, euphorbium, [†carrabana], armoniacum, raphanus, laureola, napellus, scamonia, et omnia venenosa ex caloris superabundantia: et quae pungentibus spinis munitae sunt vel contactu suo cutem urunt, pungunt vel ampullant, ut cardo, urtica, flammula: et quae comesta lachrymas excutiunt, ut cepae, scalonia, porrum, sinapium, castoreum: et arbores omnes spinosae, atque cornus Marti sacer.
Animalia autem quae sunt bellicosa, rapacia, audacia, et perspicuae imaginationis, ut equus, mulus, hircus, haedus, lupus, pardus, onager: serpentes quoque et dracones venenosi, et quaecunque hominibus infesta, ut pulices et muscae, cynocephalus, propter iracundiam. Aves omnes rapaces, carnivorae, ossifragae, ut aquila, falco, accipiter, vultur: et quae dirae et ferales aves dicuntur, noctuae, ululae, tinnunculi, milvii, et quae semper famelicae ac rapacissimae sunt, et quae glutiunt, et quasi vocem strangulantis emittunt, ut corvi et cornices, et picus praecipue Marti sacer est. Ex piscibus habet lucium, mullum, pastinacam, arietem, hircum, lupum, glaucum, qui voracissimi simul ac rapacissimi sunt.
Close translation
Martial things: among the elements, fire; and equally all that is scorched and sharp; among the humors, choler; and among flavors, the bitter, the pungent, those that burn the tongue, and those called tear-provoking; among metals, iron, red copper, and everything fiery, red, and sulphurous; among stones, the diamond, the lodestone, bloodstone, jasper of many kinds, amethyst; among plants and trees, hellebore, garlic, spurge, [a word resists reading], gum ammoniac, radish, spurge-laurel, monkshood, scammony, and everything poisonous from an excess of heat: and whatever is armed with piercing thorns, or by its very touch burns, pricks, or blisters the skin, such as the thistle, the nettle, the clematis; and whatever, eaten, provokes tears, such as onions, shallots, leeks, mustard, castoreum: and all thorny trees, and the cornel-tree is sacred to Mars.
Among animals, those that are warlike, rapacious, bold, and of a vivid imagination, such as the horse, the mule, the he-goat, the kid, the wolf, the leopard, the wild ass; serpents too, and venomous dragons, and whatever is hostile to men, such as fleas and flies, and the dog-headed ape, on account of its irascibility. Among birds, all the rapacious, carnivorous, bone-breaking ones, such as the eagle, the falcon, the hawk, the vulture; and those called dire and deathly birds — the screech-owl, the horned owl, the kestrel, the kite, and those that are always ravenous and most rapacious, and those that gulp down their food and let out something like the voice of one being strangled, such as the raven and the crow; and the woodpecker especially is sacred to Mars. Among fishes it has the pike, the mullet, the sting-ray, the ram-fish, the goat-fish, the wolf-fish, the glaucus, which are at once the most voracious and the most rapacious.
Modern rendering
Mars governs fire among the elements, and along with it anything scorched or sharp. Among the humors: choler. Among flavors: bitter, pungent, tongue-burning, or tear-inducing tastes. Among metals: iron, red copper, and anything fiery, red, or sulphurous. Among stones: diamond, lodestone, bloodstone, multi-colored jasper, amethyst. Among plants and trees: hellebore, garlic, spurge, [a word won't resolve], gum ammoniac, radish, spurge-laurel, monkshood, scammony, and anything poisonous from an excess of heat — plus anything armed with sharp thorns or that burns, pricks, or blisters skin on contact, like thistle, nettle, and clematis; and anything that brings tears when eaten, like onions, shallots, leeks, mustard, castoreum. All thorny trees belong to Mars, and the cornel tree is sacred to him.
Among animals: the warlike, predatory, bold, and sharply imaginative — horse, mule, billy-goat, kid, wolf, leopard, wild ass; also venomous snakes and serpents, and anything that plagues people, like fleas and flies, and the baboon, for its bad temper. Among birds: all the birds of prey — eagle, falcon, hawk, vulture — and the ones called ominous or deathly: screech-owl, horned owl, kestrel, kite, and any bird that's perpetually ravenous and predatory, or that gulps its food and makes a sound like someone being strangled, such as ravens and crows. The woodpecker especially belongs to Mars. Among fish: pike, mullet, sting-ray, and the fish called ram, goat, wolf, and glaucus — all of them extremely voracious and predatory.
Editorial flags — draft status
- list: Full Martial correspondence catalogue (metals, stones, plants, animals, birds, fish) — mostly high confidence; verify plant list order and 'lapis sanguinarius' identification against page image.
- lacuna: 'carrabana' in the poisonous-plants list has no confident Latin reading; left unresolved rather than guessed at — do not silently fill with a plausible plant name during re-keying without checking the page image.
- uncertain: 'picusprxcxreris' rendered as 'praecipue' (especially) — plausible but not certain; could alternatively involve a proper adjective now lost. Flag for verification.
- uncertain: Fish list at chapter end ('lucium, mullum, pastinacam, arietem, hircum, lupum, glaucum') — the ram-fish/goat-fish/wolf-fish/glaucus names are given as literal Latin common names per source rather than reconstructed to modern species IDs, per spec (translate what is legible, flag identification).